Country guide
Russian silver hallmarks
Russian silver hallmarks can use a kokoshnik head or an older town-and-assayer group; later millesimal grades express silver parts per thousand.
Distinctive marks and standards
A kokoshnik head or an earlier town and assayer group helps identify the Russian system. Preserve the direction of the head, small letters and the separate maker initials.
What to check next
An 84 stamped among French plating or model numbers has another context. Read the Russian device before applying the 96-part conversion. Later millesimal numbers use parts per thousand instead.